Python Snake Game Tutorial: Build a Simple Snake Game Using Turtle Graphics

import turtle
import time
import random

delay = 0.1

# Window setup
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Snake Game")
wn.bgcolor("black")
wn.setup(width=600, height=600)
wn.tracer(0)  # Disable automatic screen updates

# Snake head
head = turtle.Turtle()
head.speed(0)
head.shape("square")
head.color("white")
head.penup()
head.goto(0, 0)
head.direction = "Right"

# Snake food
food = turtle.Turtle()
food.speed(0)
food.shape("circle")
food.color("red")
food.penup()
food.goto(0, 100)

# Snake body
segments = []

# Functions
def go_up():
    if head.direction != "down":
        head.direction = "up"

def go_down():
    if head.direction != "up":
        head.direction = "down"

def go_left():
    if head.direction != "right":
        head.direction = "left"

def go_right():
    if head.direction != "left":
        head.direction = "right"

def move():
    if head.direction == "up":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y + 20)

    if head.direction == "down":
        y = head.ycor()
        head.sety(y - 20)

    if head.direction == "left":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x - 20)

    if head.direction == "right":
        x = head.xcor()
        head.setx(x + 20)

# Keyboard bindings
wn.listen()
wn.onkeypress(go_up, "Up")
wn.onkeypress(go_down, "Down")
wn.onkeypress(go_left, "Left")
wn.onkeypress(go_right, "Right")

# Main game loop
while True:
    wn.update()

    # Check for collision with the border
    if head.xcor() > 290 or head.xcor() < -290 or head.ycor() > 290 or head.ycor() < -290:
        time.sleep(1)
        head.goto(0, 0)
        head.direction = "Right"

        # Hide the body segments
        for segment in segments:
            segment.goto(1000, 1000)

        # Clear the segments list
        segments.clear()

    # Check for collision with the food
    if head.distance(food) < 20:
        x = random.randint(-270, 270)
        y = random.randint(-270, 270)
        food.goto(x, y)

        # Add a new segment to the snake's body
        new_segment = turtle.Turtle()
        new_segment.speed(0)
        new_segment.shape("square")
        new_segment.color("grey")
        new_segment.penup()
        segments.append(new_segment)

    # Move the body segments in reverse order
    for index in range(len(segments) - 1, 0, -1):
        x = segments[index - 1].xcor()
        y = segments[index - 1].ycor()
        segments[index].goto(x, y)

    # Move the first segment to where the head was
    if len(segments) > 0:
        x = head.xcor()
        y = head.ycor()
        segments[0].goto(x, y)

    move()

    # Check for collision of the head with the body
    for segment in segments:
        if head.distance(segment) < 20:
            time.sleep(1)
            head.goto(0, 0)
            head.direction = "Right"

            # Hide the body segments
            for seg in segments:
                seg.goto(1000, 1000)

            # Clear the segments list
            segments.clear()

    time.sleep(delay)

1. Importing Libraries:

The code starts by importing necessary libraries: turtle for graphics, time for time-related operations, and random for generating random numbers.

2. Window Configuration:

Configures the game window using the turtle module.
Sets the window title, background color, dimensions, and disables automatic screen updates (tracer(0)).

3. Snake Initialization:

Creates the snake's head using a turtle.
Sets initial position, shape, color, and direction.

4. Food Initialization:

Creates the food for the snake.
Sets initial position, shape, color.

5. Snake Body (Segments):

Initializes an empty list (segments) to represent the snake's body.

6. Functions:

Several functions (go_up, go_down, go_left, go_right, move) are defined to handle user input and snake movement.

7. Keyboard Bindings:

Binds the arrow keys to the corresponding movement functions.

8. Main Game Loop:

The game runs in an infinite loop (while True).
Updates the window.
Checks for collisions with the border, updates snake position, and handles food collisions.

9. Collision Handling:

If the snake collides with the border, it resets and hides the body segments.
If the snake eats food, a new segment is added.
Checks for collisions between the snake's head and body, resetting the game if detected.

10. Delay and Animation:

- time.sleep(delay) introduces a delay, controlling the speed of the game.

The code effectively uses the Turtle graphics library to create a simple Snake Game, providing an excellent introduction to basic game development concepts in Python. It covers user input, collision detection, and dynamic rendering. Feel free to explore and modify the code to enhance or customize the game further!